Neurology The Science of Beliefs Perspectives on Religion from Neuroscience Free Essay Example, 5000 words

Huxley mentioned neurotheology in his Utopian novel island which was published in 1962, alongside with such disciplines as pharmacology, sociology, physiology, autology, meta-chemistry, and mycomysticisms. Scientist and religionist James Ashbrook was recognized as the first one who used the term Neurotheology in a scientific context. The first book which carried the term in its title was written by Maverick Laurence O. McKinney (McKinney, 1994) and the second was edited by Rhawn Joseph (Joseph, 2002). The book of Joseph is a compilation of essays, both contemporary and historical exploring mystical/spiritual practices and consciousness using the tools of neuroscience and psychology, while McKinney s book reads more like a novel speculating the roles of belief and science to transform humanity (Alston, 2006b). The book McKinney which is entitled Neurotheology Virtual Religion in the 21st Century was published in 1994. It was published by the American Institute of Mindfulness. In thi s book, McKinney discusses paradigms for consciousness, concepts of time, reality, religion as well as spiritual experience in his efforts to explore the efficacy of Neurotheology as a religion centered in the perceptual awareness of the mind (excerpt of an article from the Connecticut Presentation). We will write a custom essay sample on Neurology: The Science of Beliefs Perspectives on Religion from Neuroscience or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Their variance is the most distinct characteristic of beliefs which includes cultural and social, religious and scientific, political and economic, ethical and historical and other types of beliefs. The application of neuroscience in studying religious as well as spiritual beliefs is the focus of this paper.

The Skills And Attributes Of An Interviewer Essay

The skills and attributes of an interviewer, and the effectiveness of their usage, can have a significant influence on the successfulness of a criminal interview. Ineffectively using skills, or simply not using any skills, can lead to failed interviews and interrupt the justice process for the victims, offenders, and the system. Effective Use Hoover was culturally aware and respectful by referring to Bernardo as Mr. Teale, his legal name, until Bernardo set the more relaxed tone of addressing other in the interview. This is one of the important best practices of cultural diversity (Holmgren, 2017, p. 239). SOLER is an ongoing skill practiced by the interviewer (Holmgren, 2017, pp. 338-39). SOLER is an acronym that stands for: â€Å"sitting in front of your interviewee across a table of slightly to one side†; â€Å"open arms†; â€Å"lean slightly towards your interviewee†; â€Å"eye contact†, and â€Å"relax your posture† (p. 339). Hoover and Coulis successful practiced SOLER as they both sat on 90 degree angles of Bernardo; had open body posture; made eye contact with the interviewee, and had relaxed body language. Body language is a constant and important skill involved in the non-verbal aspect of interviewing communication (Holmgren, 2017, p. 63). Throughout the dur ation of Bernardo’s interview, the interviewees had open and nonintrusive body language. The appropriate use of body language in the interview positively influenced Bernardo’s willingness to cooperate with the interviewers.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Human Resource Management1333 Words   |  6 Pagesinterviewee’s words, his or her thoughts and beliefs can be recorded and later, if there is a need be used and reviewed. But there also are some disadvantages. For example, this methods cost a lot for the interviewer and whole organizations, moreover the process is time-consuming for both sides as for interviewers and as for interviewees. Another disadvantage is that the person who takes the interview has his own personal beliefs, opinions and ideologies which can be totally different. All his opinions andRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Process At Liberty Mutual Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages job description, and specifications. Business provides information for HR to create the job profile in the company portal. Competencies are determined based on examination of previous employees’ performance in the same role. Typically, the key attributes possessed by all successful candidates make their way onto the job positing. In order to attract qualified candidates, recruiters attend information sessions, career fairs, and other networking events in partnership with colleges. Liberty also valuesRe ad MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of An Interview931 Words   |  4 PagesInterviews are the first impression a potential employer or college department will have of a person. First impressions are lasting impressions. Using that time to highlight your skills and attributes are great tools to increase your chances of being selected to fulfill the position you applied for. Developing a persona that entice the person conducting the interview will create more opportunities to sell yourself. While being interviewed for this assignment, I was able to grasp some great tips thatRead MoreMy Strengths As An Interviewer807 Words   |  4 Pages Initially, my strengths as an interviewer would stem from my early passion for listening to others in their times of need. I learned through my personal experience with my peers and family that it was they that had the answer to their issues but often needed to talk about their issues to a willing participant to find it. I found that others did not want advice more as they wanted guidance to come to a conclusion they felt comfortable with to hand at that time. Furthermore, with my diverse culturalRead MoreQualitative Method Of Face With A New Pasta Dish Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesevery opinion of them. Plan for the sample of customers to be interviewed carefully, by requesting the customers to participate voluntarily offering them a small complement. Recording information is the next important step which involves interviewer’s skills in observation of the responses from respondent and taking note of them carefully. Non-verbal communications is given more importance in order to understand the sense of answer. Data analysis is very essential to make a conclusion from the gatheredRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Central Bank Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthe selection process Central Bank developed detailed characterizations of both the job description and specifications through an exhaustive job analysis. This is beneficial for identifying the applicants that not only meet the basic knowledge and skills criteria but are the most likely to excel in the tasks that the job requires them to perform (Steen et al., 2016, p. 90). By outlining what competencies are necessary to accomplish the job as done in the job posting (Schwartz Copp, 2005, p. 10)Read MoreApplying And Interviewing For Future Jobs782 Words   |  4 Pagesrewards you might have received at any previous job or jobs you ve had. In addition to your awards you need to include all extracurricular activities that you might do, all hobbies and interests you might have. You should have a spot for all of your skills and abilitie s, including but not limited to, being good with kids, good with electronics, computer programs, arts and crafts and more. You might also add any additional information you feel they should know about you and at least three referencesRead MoreImportance Of Selection Measures And Performance Management Practices1463 Words   |  6 Pageslargest companies. In the workplace, diversity takes on different attributes such as personality, cognitive thinking style, leadership style, tenure, organizational function, and educational background. These attributes are critical to comprehend when establishing teams in the office. Management needs to understand what their employees’ strongest skills are and be able to create teams where the individuals can use their unique skill sets to thrive and work off of one another. If an organization canRead MoreStreamling the Employee Selection Process1603 Words   |  7 Pageswith the administrator of the measure. Reliability suffers if candidate s are turned off by the interviewer and thus do not show their stuff during the interview. †¢ Inadequate knowledge of how to respond to a measure. Reliability suffers if candidates are asked questions that are vague or confusing. †¢ Individual differences among respondents. If the range or differences in scores on the attribute measured by a selection device is large, that means the device can reliably distinguish amongRead MoreInterview Qa1691 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing with a company where I can continue to learn, take on additional responsibilities, and contribute as much of value as I can. †¢ I see myself as a top performing employee in a well-established organization, like this one. I plan on enhancing my skills and continuing my involvement in (related) professional associations. Are you overqualified for this job? †¢ As you note, Ive worked at a higher level but this position is exactly what Im looking for. You offer opportunity to achieve the magic word:

Inventec Corporation free essay sample

Despite its growth and size, why is Inventec not very profitable? It can be concluded into 3 main factors : 1. Rivalry existed In the existing ODM industry, there are lots of competitors such as Quanta, Mitac and Compal. Because of the fierce competition, there is increase difficulty for completing differentiation. Moreover, client companies tend to limit ODM use to highly commoditized products commoditized products. There is also inherent risk associated with the need of frequent technology innovation. Low switching costs also weaken the competitive advantage of Inventec since most of the PCs use Intel microprocessors. Moving to China was no longer consider as an advantage for Inventec since other rivalries will have the same cost structure. 2. New entrants threat Taiwan government did not impose high legal barriers to limit firm to invest in China. Consequently, major ODMS choose to open plants in China and new companies easily enter into the industries which increase the supply of quality goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventec Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Increasing bargaining power Inventec has a high bargaining power due to the limited list of customers. This disadvantage greatly weaken the ability to switch customers and negotiation power. Inventec has to accept clients aggressive pricing strategies with a low profit margin or else facing client switching their business to competitors in a short period of time. Q2 What are the drivers of the average profitability of the ODM industry? The average profitability of the ODM industry is low which only ranging from 1% to 6%. The main reason for this is mainly driven by customer bargain power and high competition. In order to lead the industry, companies need to lower their cost. Consequently, it reduce the reliance on a single partnership as there are 5 leading ODM and client negotiating strength become high. Moreover, china no longer consider as a low cost area which make firms difficult to find way to lower the costs. Q3 What are key factors that a company like Inventec needs to manage above average profits in this industry ? In order maintain the profit, the company should shift their production and production software from hardware production to software development and IT consulting and IT system integration services. For example, Inventec consider its software capability by be a major differentiation. Corporation should also comply with customer requirement by using specialized personnel. Quality assurance and low operating cost is also important. The firm can achieved through using cost leadership and differentiation which enhance its bargaining power. Q4 Why is the Indian software industry, on average, so much more profitable than the Chinese ODM industry? First, India does not rely on cheap operating cost to survive but more focusing on custom application development and maintenance. This help them to create differentiated products which were specialized and high-end. Moreover, India also get many world- class engineers and technicians. The Indian firms are competing through R D rather price war since the industry has a very high growth rate of 30% Q5 What strategic advice will you give Inventec to improve its profitability? I will advise Inventec to move their company resources and expertise to a more software based market. For example, Inventec can start to offer software design with hardware manufacturing since it can help to add more value to OEMS. Hence, Inventec can enjoy high price premium and strong bargaining power. This kind of vertical integration can save a large amount of transaction and labor cost.

JN Bentley Limited Industrial Management

Introduction This report is about JN Bentley Limited, a civil engineering company based in Skipton, North Yorkshire with over 40 years experience in the construction industry. It presents the history of the company, its current operations and a SWOT analysis. Towards the end, recommendations are given regarding the short, medium and long term strategies that may be adopted by the company as it looks ahead into the future.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on JN Bentley Limited Industrial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More History of JN Bentley JN Bentley limited was established in the year 1972 and ran its operations in Skipton and North Yorkshire. During its early days in business, the company offered water and sewerage services for the water authorities in Bradford and Craven and also did civil engineering works for the local authorities in Yorkshire and East Lancashire. With this start, the company manage d to lay its foundation for civil engineering services and create a strong link with the water industry (Bentley, 2011). As the company continued to expand its horizon, it later added building construction to its range of services with quite a number of building construction projects being completed successfully in the 1980s. Gradually, the strength of the company grew to the point of it becoming a pioneer in the provision of excellent design as well as building services to clients. Two high profile and very ambitious residential projects were later completed in the years between 1985 and 1995. One of these was at Linton, near Grassington, in North Yorkshire and the other one was at Cowan Head, close to Kendal, in the Lake District (Bentley, 2011). In 1990s, the company’s focus shifted towards civil engineering. This saw the company strengthen its relations with Yorkshire Water as well as developing strong skills in offering solid waste management services. Around this time, the company’s operations were extended to cover the northern side of England with a focus on blue chip and local government clients. JN Bentley Limited ‘s expertise continued to grow especially in the water industry. These include process, mechanical and electrical design, installation, and commissioning of water projects. Later, in the year 1999 JN Bentley Limited entered into a partnership with consultant Mott MacDonald with the sole intention of offering an integrated feasibility, design, construction and commissioning of services. From the time it was formed, Mott Mac Donald Bentley has grown tremendously to such an extent that in its thirteenth anniversary, it now represents close to half the turnover of JN Bentley Limited (Bentley, 2011). In the 2000s, JN Bentley Limited diversified its operations to cover a much wider geographical area with new company offices being opened in Durham in the year 2005, and later in Shifnal, Shropshire and Edinburg in the year 2009. The company also established a Yorkshire Water Contract Office in Leeds and a Cambridge Water Contract Office in the year 2010.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Today, JN Bentley Limited operates long term capitals in both the water and wastewater sectors and also enjoys long term relationships with a number of blue chip commercial clients. The company also works for local government clients and continues to offer services both in the building sector and in civil engineering. With it rich knowledge and expertise in development and design in the renewable energy and hydropower sector, JN Bentley Limited has gone ahead to establish a hydropower team (Bentley, 2011). Current Operations Over time, JN Bentley Limited’s operations have expanded to cover quite a number of services to the public. These services include: Aerospace JN Bentley prides itself in providing high quality craftsmanship to aerospace clients. Some of these clients are Leeds Bradford International Airport and Multiflight Ltd. The company has outstanding experience of carrying out concrete paving works that include runway aprons and taxiways with very minimal disruptions to customers (Bentley, 2011). Commercial The company’s commercial and industrial projects include office design and construction. With the vast expertise in building and civil engineering, the company is able to perform excellent construction of production and warehouse space. The company serves a variety of sectors that include fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), manufacturing and distribution as well as health and education (Bentley, 2011). Environment At the core of the operations of JN Bentley Limited is the environment work. Throughout its history, much of the work done by the company has been closely linked to water and the environment (Bentley 2011). The company has in the past been able to compl ete flood defense schemes in tidal as well as in non tidal waters. It has also constructed fish passes and gauging stations for the Environment Agency. The company also has vast experience of land drainage works for the Internal Drainage Boards and has also built surface water storage systems and pumping stations below the natural ground water level. Recently, the company has been able to apply sustainable urban drainage (SUDS) techniques to projects for some of its clients. The company is very keen on applying its knowledge and expertise on the renewable energy sector (Bentley, 2011). Health and Education From the early 2000s, the company has gained value added experience of working directly with schools and hospitals as well as local authorities in delivering health and education projects. JN Bentley Limited does understand the seriousness of projects in these sectors and is committed to deliver high quality services within the specified timeframes and in a cost of effective man ner. Always, the company puts the clients’ needs first (Bentley, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on JN Bentley Limited Industrial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Highways The company has a dedicated workforce of individuals with a great experience in building high quality highway structures. Besides, the company’s construction team is very familiar with the Department of Transport specifications regarding highway works. LN Bentley Limited is experienced at working with local authorities in road renewal, refurbishing of bridges, and other enhancement program (Bentley, 2011). Renewable Energy As pointed out earlier, the move by JN Bentley Limited into the renewable energy sector, particularly the hydropower market grew through a natural process as the company gained expertise over the years through partnerships with clients and other like minded organizations such as the Environm ent Agency (Bentley, 2011). JN Bentley Limited is a member of the British Hydropower Association and has also established various supply chain relationships in the renewable energy market to facilitate its delivery of hydropower schemes. These include collaborations with companies like Spaans Babbcock and Zeropex (Bentley, 2011). Solid Waste Solid Waste management is a key construction market for JN Bentley Limited and its subsidiary company, Mott MacDonald (MMD). Together, both Mott MacDonald and JN Bentley Limited have gained a great deal of experience in long term agreements as well as individual contracts with clients in the solid waste sector. Among them are Waste Recycling Group, Sita, and Yorwaste (Bentley, 2011). The company is very keen to make good use of its expertise gained from the water sector to support solid waste operators in designing and constructing process plants to handle waste and recycling treatment (Bentley, 2011). Water and Wastewater Given that the com pany’s extensive experience in this area covers its entire history, this is probably one of those areas where the company’s reputation speaks for itself throughout the construction and engineering industry (Bentley, 2011). Although Yorkshire Water is one of JN Bentley’s biggest customers in the water sector, the company also does work for Anglian Water, Northumbrian Water, Severn Trent Water, Scottish Water, Cambridge Water, Essex, Suffolk Water, and United Utilities. Most of the work undertaken by the company in the water and wastewater sector is done on a feasibility, design and construction basis by its subsidiary, Mott MacDonald (Bentley, 2011). In all these, the company is able to meet clients’ expectations with projects completed to the highest standards.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More JN Bentley’s SWOT Analysis A company’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis is a powerful tool for reflecting on a business’s internal and external position (Ryan, 1995). As can be seen from figure 1 below, strengthens and weaknesses are linked to the organization’s internal position while opportunities and threats look at factors that are external to the organization. An organization must seek to maximize on its strengthens and look for ways of minimizing its weaknesses (Ryan, 1995). Figure 1: Elements of a SWOT analysis (Ryan, 1985) From discussions in the previous sections, JN Bentley Limited’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are as follows: Strengths Strengths include the fact that: The company has a long standing history of excellent performance and its experience speaks for itself The company has a huge pool of staff with varied skills and expertise acquired over time The company offers a wide va riety of services The company also has a stable financial base The company has a good network of collaborators Weaknesses Weaknesses that can easily be spotted at JN Bentley include the fact that: A Lack of capacity building programs for employees Although there is an advantage in offering more than one service, the danger involved is that it may be a challenge to maintain high standards unless the company makes deliberate efforts to do so. Opportunities Notable opportunities include: Services such as solid waste management and water waste management the company offers are quite unique and very few companies will think of venturing into them. For such services therefore, there is no competition. The company also has quite a number of partnerships that can be used to its advantage. JN Bentley is also a highly respected company in the eyes of the general public. Opportunities to merge with other like minded companies. Threats Some threats to JN Bentley Limited include: First, th ere is the existence of other companies that are offering similar services. JN Bentley therefore, has to work really hard in some areas to make sure it can stand out from the rest. There is also a danger of partners and other collaborators stealing JN Bentley’s trade secrets. Once the boundaries of an industry have been identified, the task that faces a manager is to analyze the competitive forces in the industry environment and to identify opportunities and threats (Hill Jones, 2007). Michael Porter’s well-know framework, the five forces model helps managers with the analysis. His model that is shown in figure 2 focuses on five forces that shape competition within an industry. Figure 2: Porter’s Five Forces Model (Hill Jones, 2007) As figure 2 shows, the forces are: the risk of entry by potential competitors, the intensity of rivalry among established companies within the industry, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers and the cl oseness of substitutes to an industry’s products. The stronger each of these forces is the more limited is the ability of established companies to raise prices and ear greater profits. Within Porter’s framework, a strong competitive force can be regarded as a threat as it reduces profits (Hill Jones, 2007). Because of the presence of competitors in certain areas of JN Bentley’s operations, there is the threat of the company not being in a position to make profits as it intends to. On the other hand, the company is better placed to realize better profits in areas where it offers unique services and no competition exists. Conclusion and Recommendations As pointed out by porter, a firm can use various strategies to deal with the competition in the market and some of these can be very helpful for JN Bentley Limited. Whereas some of these strategies are for long term planning, others will apply in short and med-term plans. One approach that may be adopted by a compa ny is innovation (Porter, 1998). This may categorized under the short and medium term planning and will enable a company to come up with products that are different from those that are available in the market. In the case of JN Bentley Limited, some of its services are already unique. It will therefore be prudent for the company to continue offering these services and go on to strengthen their provision. Another strategy that may benefit JN Bentley Limited in the medium and long term strategic planning is focus. Currently, the company provides quite a number of services. By so doing, it becomes difficult to focus on delivering quality in all the services. To ensure that the company is able to deliver to the very highest standard, it is important that the company only focuses on a few areas where it can deliver high quality services that can not easily be beaten by competitors. As a long term plan, it is critical for JN Bentley Limited to position itself strategically in the market. This may include taking advantage of opportunities to merge with other players who are in the same industry so as to offer the best quality in the industry. So far, the company has merged with Mott MacDonald and deliberate efforts must be made to strengthen the association. So far, there are indications of the company’s profits increasing as a result of this merger. Finally, companies exist to serve customers. As a long term plan therefore, it is important that JN Bentley Limited guarantees its customers high quality services. This has the benefit of locking in customers and killing their desire to want to move to competitors. As explained earlier, JN Bentley Limited delights in offering its clients very high quality services. The company should therefore continue to ensure that the quality of services offered to customers remains high. This also means that the company will have to continually engage with suppliers to ensure that customers are not disappointed in any way. Ref erence List Bentley, JN., 2011. JN Bentley Limited. Skipton, North Yorkshire: JN Bentley Ltd. Available from: https://www.mottmacbentley.co.uk/ . Hill, C. W. L. Jones, G. R., 2007. Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach. Andover, Hampshire: Cengage Learning. Porter, M. E., 1998. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors: With a New Introduction. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Ryan, B., 1995. Strategic Accounting for Management. Andover, Hampshire: Cengage Learning. This report on JN Bentley Limited Industrial Management was written and submitted by user Marc Shelton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Masacres of sabra and shatila essays

Masacres of sabra and shatila essays Many acts of violence amongst the Palestinian and the Israelis can be justified. The Palestinian have been tortured for years. Since 1948 they have been through out of there own country and refugee camps by jews. One of the most tragic cases is the on that happened in Sabra and Shatila. The jews their homes, then proceeded to invade there camps so they can be eliminated. The Israelis injured nearly 18,000 and killed approximately 30.000 people. When Palestinians go to fight back, how can their acts not be justified? Its not like there is anyone helping them like the jews get money from everyone across the world because of the holocaust. The massacre of Sabra and Shatila started on June 6 1982, the Israeli army invaded Lebanon as revenge for the attempted assassination of the Israeli Ambassador in London, two days before. By June 18th, Israel had surrounded the PLO armed forces in the western part of the Lebanese capital. A cease-fire turned in to the PLO evacuation of Beirut on September 1st. On September 11th, Ariel Sharon, the leader of the invasion, decided that 2,000 terrorists" had stayed inside the Palestinian refugee camps around Beirut. On the 15th, Israeli army occupied West Beirut, watching closely the camps of Sabra and Shatila, which had Lebanese and Palestinian people. By that same night, the refugee camps were all surrounded by Israeli tanks and soldiers, who installed checkpoints and crossroads around the camps to control who entered and who exited. Ariel Sharon announced that 2,000 terrorists had remained inside the Palestinian refugee camps around Beirut. the Tsahal forces are forbidden to enter the refugee camps. The mopping-up of the camps will be carried out by the Phalanges or the Lebanese army. The next day about 150 Israeli-allies entered the first camp. For the following 40 hours members of the military allies raped, killed, and injured a large...

Brachylophosaurus - Facts and Figures

Brachylophosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Brachylophosaurus (Greek for short-crested lizard); pronounced BRACK-ee-LOW-fo-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and two tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Thick, downturned beak; short crest on head; susceptibility to cancer About Brachylophosaurus Three complete fossils of the hadrosaur, or duck-billed dinosaur, Brachylophosaurus have been discovered, and theyre so amazingly well-preserved that (as paleontologists often do) they were immediately given nicknames: Elvis, Leonardo and Roberta. (The same research team also unearthed a fourth, incomplete fossil of a juvenile, which they dubbed Peanut.) The most completely preserved specimen, Leonardo, is the subject of a Discovery Channel documentary, Secrets of the Dinosaur Mummy. In this show, its revealed that Leonardo had a birdlike crop on its neck (presumably to aid in digestion) as well as different-sized scales on different parts of its body, among other unique anatomical features. Although its named for the unusually short crest on its head (short, that is, for a hadrosaur), Brachylophosaurus stood out more for its thick, downward-turning beak, which some paleontologists take as evidence that the males of this genus head-butted one another for the attention of females. This dinosaur is also known for its unique pathology: detailed analysis of various fossil specimens in 2003 revealed that these individuals suffered from an assortment of tumors, and one was in the end-stages of metastatic cancer (which may either have killed this dinosaur, or weakened it sufficiently that it was easily picked off by a hungry Tyrannosaurus Rex).

Psychology (senses) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology (senses) - Essay Example To better understand this loss, put yourself in the situation that you cannot feel if you have touched something excessively hot (called thermoception), such as a hot stove, and continually receive burns to a large part of your body through the inability to continually feel the heat every time you touch the stove. Think of this exact situation whereby you are a child of toddler age, where you continually touch a hot stove without the ability to feel that it is hot and need to be rushed to the hospital in critical condition with third degree burns and having your mother explain why this happened and no one believing her. By losing this feeling of touch it is hard to understand how hot or cold things are, for instance in the above example, heat was used, now by losing the sense of pressure (tactition) whereby you cannot feel various forms of pressure would be difficult as the skin covers all your major body parts.

Political risk and living conditions in argentina Essay

Political risk and living conditions in argentina - Essay Example After the Spanish abandoned Argentina in the 19th century, it has been hard for any particular Argentine government to maintain stability. Since the Second World War many military regimes have risen and fallen in Argentina, something that leads to drastically changing positions towards business depending on who is in power. In the past ten years, however, the political situation in Argentina has stabilized significantly (NY Times Topic: Argentina). The same political party has maintained government for several years, and the presidency only changed when the former president stepped aside for his wife to run, and she won that election (NY Times Topic: Cristina Fernà ¡ndez de Kirchner). The government is also relatively pro-business. Argentina had a significant economic crisis around the year 2000 (NY Times Topic: Argentina), but since, however, has maintained one of the fastest growth rates of any Latin American country. SO long as the business is run profitably, and willing to pay taxes, then the business should be successful in Argentina. The living conditions of people in Argentina are relatively high. It has one of the best median incomes among Latin American countries, beaten only by Brazil, and, again, has shown to have one of the most robust economies (CIA World Factbook). The clothing is a mix between Latin clothing and other Western clothing, with very little traditional garb worn by the general population, especially in urban areas and along the coast. Diet and nutrition in Argentina is heavily focused on traditional foods and locally grown produce. Argentina has a massive agricultural industry, which is especially well known for producing some of the best Malbac wine in the world (Mendoza Wines). Likewise, a paucity of local pests and favorable growing conditions means that much of this can be grown without heavy use of pesticides. All of this is obviously very favorable to the

The initial interest of a career Essay Example for Free

The initial interest of a career Essay My initial interest of a career within Primary Education sparked whilst I was volunteering for a local football team, where I was presented with the opportunity to coach 8/9-year-old children, as part of my Duke of Edinburgh Bronze award. I found it particularly rewarding to see a child progress following my guidance and learning environment. From this, I have established that I enjoy the interaction with children and supporting their holistic development on their personal level, I am fascinated with how their minds develop, gaining an understanding into a child’s perceptions of the world. Primary Education has been the course I have been exclusively interested in since the start of High School, mainly due to the opportunities that have been laid ahead at South Bromsgrove. I secured a week’s placement last year, through a local Primary School. I was able to work alongside teachers and support staff in different roles across the school. This was a capturing and challenging experience. Shadowing a Primary School teacher enabled me to be involved in a range of areas such as early years, extra-curricular events and a taste of every subject at Primary level. This developed my confidence when approaching senior teachers and pupils whilst at the school. The most rewarding part was being able to help pupils within lessons with tasks, which is essential in developing the defined core of teaching. Helping a child progress motivates me and this experience reinforced my desire to teach. The concept of playing an active role in helping children develop greatly appeals to me. A key part of the course would place me in an actual schooling environment, broadening my knowledge further and giving me a first-hand impression of the role itself. I am applying to this course because I believe my personal skill set and passion are well molded to the course requirements. My communication, interpersonal skills, and patience will benefit me within this role. I also believe that becoming an excellent teacher requires a desire to assist children in the learning process and this is one quality which I feel I definitely possess and have been commented on. I also emphasize the necessity of enabling children to have fun at school and relish their Primary School days. I believe that my current philosophy is person-orientated, as I obtain good interpersonal skills, promoting positive results from individuals, rather than focusing on a larger task. Primary Education provides children with the building blocks to pursue a personal desire, in later school years and beyond school . At South Bromsgrove, I study BTEC Sport and Business Studies. A current focus in Sport is phases of learning. This particular unit has enabled me to understand the process of thinking. The Cognitive, Associative and Autonomous stages link into how a Primary pupil processes thoughts. In the future, this will provide me with an understanding of how children perceive school, which is a fundamental part of the Primary Education course. Business has enhanced my knowledge on budgeting which is a key part of the role, as each department is allocated a budget. This could benefit me in a teaching role. I also participate in the Duke of Edinburgh programme, having completed both Bronze and Silver I am working towards the Gold Award in 2018. The DofE programme has presented lots of opportunities. Volunteering in a local charity shop to learning new personal skills, such as problem solving and self-management. I have always been a sportsman which has provided me with a core set of skills. Resilience, Social Independence, and Responsibility. These skills are applicable to university and I feel due to my skill set I can work on independent tasks and would thrive in this environment. I also believe that Primary Education requires a great level of responsibility. I personally feel that this skill is above satisfactory and again, I would face no obstruction in pursuing a career in Primary Education.

Identifying The Day We Were Dogs Essay -- Day We Were Dogs Essays

Identifying The Day We Were Dogs      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether or not "The Day We Were Dogs" (1993) is a magical realist story is questionable. Often stories are misidentified because of the closeness of literature such as magical realism, the fantastic, and the sublime. The story leaves a lot to one's imagination instead of presenting it in the text. Elena Garro blends two days and two completely different worlds together in this story. The magical elements depend on how one uses his or her imagination throughout this story. The girls could either be pretending to be dogs or they could have actually become dogs. If they are in fact real dogs, they are able to talk, and their dog Toni also talks. Also, magic numbers are used throughout the story. The main magical element is the blending of the two days. The story jumps back and forth between the two and never distinguishes between them. The realistic elements include Toni's actions. He shows how dogs spend their days lying under a tree and eating all day. Another realistic element depends on how one accepted the events that happened within the two parallel days. If the girls were not actually turned in to dogs but were just pretending, then this fact is another realistic element. Children often pretend they are animals, expecially dogs. In magical realism, "the text contains something we cannot explain according to the laws of the universe as we know them" (Faris 167) and the "descriptions detail a stong presence of the phenomenal world" (Faris 169). These quotes explain why one might think that this story is magical realism due to the two different worlds that are going on at the same time. Also, one "experience[s] the closeness or near-merging of two realms, two worlds" (Fari... ...l Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995. 249-263. Garro, Elena. "The Day We Were Dogs." Latin American Writers: Thirty Stories. Ed. Gabriells Ibieta. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1993. 206-212. Faris, Wendy B. "Scherazade's Children: Magical Realism and Postmodern Fiction." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995. Sandner, David. "Romanticism and Transcendence in Nineteenth-Century Children's Fantasy Literature." The Fantastic Sublime. Westport, C.T.: Greenwood Press. 45-65, 142-147. Theim, Jon. "The Textualization of the Reader in Magical Realist Fiction." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995. 235-247.   

Isolationism: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and United States Government Essay

After the events leading up to World War I and also the aftermath of the war itself, the United States government decided to take a second look at their policy of isolationism and also their foreign policy. That second look caused plenty of controversies between the people in America who supported a return to isolationism and also those who wished to see a change in United Sates by taking a much more active role in not only European affairs, but world affairs in general. In the mid to late 1930’s, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt among other government officials and even some American citizens were very fond of taking up a policy of isolationism after World War 1. In Document 2, the president clearly states that war is just like a contagion, a virus that should be avoided indefinitely. President Roosevelt was dead set on keeping the United States out of the war by all means necessary. He wanted peace and did not agree with the idea that countries seemed to be fighting for no reason other than that they were bigger and stronger than the opposed. In Document 3, Senator Robert A. Taft was opposed to the United States entering the war in Europe because he believed that due to World War 1, democracies were destroyed and dictatorships were set up in place of them. American citizens supported a policy of isolationism because they felt war was far too costly and resulted in a very high death toll of not only American citizens but citizens worldwide . Soon after, between the spring of 1940 and the start of 1941, public opinion began to shift from the support of isolationism to an opposition of the policy. In Document 5, you can see that instead of staying out of war, American citizens began to want to aid Britain in the fight against Germany. Another event that altered public opinion was the fall of France. While many people disagreed with the shift in public opinion by saying things like Charles Lindbergh said, â€Å"If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is reason enough for us to stay out† as seen in Document 7. However in Document 8, you can see that there is a clear opposition to a policy of isolationism. Basically the public believed that if Hitler and the Nazi regime weren’t stopped, then they would attack the United States. The concern was that if Britain was conquered, it was open the ocean ways of the Atlantic, which in turn would cause a major threat. Regardless of the supporters of a policy of isolationism, the United States supported the war and was soon enough involved in the fight against Germany. Since then, the United States has played an extremely active role in European and other world affairs. We have become an ally to plenty and an enemy to some. And just as there had been during World War 1, there are still existing controversies on isolationism between American citizens and also between the government.

Environmental Racism Essay

Melissa Checker’s Polluted Promises: Environmental Racism and the Search for Justice in a Southern Town (2005) New York: New York University Press. Is one of checker’s best books and has gained fame over the times. Scholars have argued that this novel is set up in an environment which is imbalanced. Environmental inequity is evident in the lives of the leaders who are the main characters in the book. The author comes in to give solutions to the chaos that exist in this Augusta Georgia setting. The ethnographic account of this book shows the struggles faced in urban centers. These are mainly countries in the African region in the third world country. The writer further illustrates the extent of inequality that exists in these countries. A lot of emphasis rests on the resentment that the African Americans receive. This is further coupled with apartheid and the underclass level that they are put in. the book lays down goals to try and unveil the response of other citizens to the lifestyle of the blacks. The strength of the polluted promise is seen with the achievement of information about the treatment of Africans. The information that comes out shows racial separation and shows that the attitude towards the Africans is experienced in all the spheres including politics (p. 12). Racism is a serious offence that is seen to be covered in the book. Checker explains that existence of classes is a more evil way of segregating some people. This may be true but the fact still remains that racism is going on in this society. The leadership actually fights to cover racism by saying that classes are rather more serious. This is supported by Wilson’s hidden agenda ideas. The gap in this society exists in terms of wealth. The white are seen to have a lot of wealth compared to the black urban poor. This is supported by Wilson’s findings. The ethnographic account of this book dwells a lot on the overflow of racism in almost all the activities of the community. Political arena is also caught up in identity politics in which people form factions. This further influence the way resources are distributed in the society. This book displays possibility of arriving at a safe destination. This comes in the proposal of having convergence in the systems. Environmentalism and civil rights and new forms of society movements are the key aspects to be embraced in forming the convergence. Such a unitary community is characteristic of equality and love amongst all the citizens (p. 33). The environment is further displayed to have more challenges. Checker uncovers them as to include: problems faced while working with experts of the environment and the technical talk of experts. Another challenge seen is on building lasting relationship with protection agencies. Alliances and coalition formation is another challenge that exist in the society as explained by the author. Checker’s work further supports environmental injustice by its summary on politics, economic decisions like resource distribution and human relations. People are seen to compromise on the environmental justice in all these aspects. This is what makes the book; polluted promises a rich ethnography. Source Melissa Checker. (2005). Polluted Promises. New York: New York University Press

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT Essays - Emotion, Brain, Psychology

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT Essays - Emotion, Brain, Psychology GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT Master in Business Administration Research Proposal The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Leadership s' Effectiveness Course: MGT 6998 - Business Research Methods Prepared For : Prof. Dr. Gary N. Mclean Prepared By: Laila Humaira Binti Md Khalil G1318532 Submission Date: 18 July 2014 Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u \* MERGEFORMAT ABSTRACT PAGEREF _Toc393488976 \h 2 CHAPTER ONE PAGEREF _Toc393488977 \h 3 INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc393488978 \h 3 1.1 Background of the Study PAGEREF _Toc393488979 \h 3 1.2 Problem Statement PAGEREF _Toc393488980 \h 5 1.3 Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc393488981 \h 6 1.4 Research Objectives PAGEREF _Toc393488982 \h 6 CHAPTER TWO PAGEREF _Toc393488983 \h 7 LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc393488984 \h 7 2.1 Leadership PAGEREF _Toc393488985 \h 7 2.2 Emotional Intelligence PAGEREF _Toc393488986 \h 8 2.3 Emotional Intelligence In Leadership PAGEREF _Toc393488987 \h 10 2.4 Self Awareness PAGEREF _Toc393488988 \h 11 2.5 Self-Management PAGEREF _Toc393488989 \h 13 2.6 Social Awareness PAGEREF _Toc393488990 \h 14 2.7 Relationship Management PAGEREF _Toc393488991 \h 14 CHAPTER THREE PAGEREF _Toc393488992 \h 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PAGEREF _Toc393488993 \h 16 3.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc393488994 \h 16 3.2 Method, Sample Design and Sample Selection PAGEREF _Toc393488995 \h 16 3.3 Theoretical Framework PAGEREF _Toc393488996 \h 17 REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc393488997 \h 18 ABSTRACT In the current market that is fierce and competitive, organisations are more focused on developing and enhancing the performance of their organisations. Human resources became very important in the organisations, whereby their roles are to select and recruit the best choice of employees. This matter is due to increase the quality and efficiency of the employees which consist of leaders and followers. However, in order to select the best leaders, the criteria that should be considered is partly the emotional intelligence traits. This study will examine the impact of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness. This paper will also focus on the components of emotional intelligence and its impact towards on leadership effectiveness. A sample of 100 working employees will be selected ra ndomly from those who are wo rking in Kuala Lumpur . Data will be g athered from these employees through the a questionnaire wh ereby the questionnaire that will consist of questions that are related to the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness . Hence, the main objective of this study is to de termin e the relationship between the components of emotional intelligence which are the ( self-awareness, self-management, social awareness ) , and the relationship management with the effectiveness of the leaders . Based on some previous studies, they stated that it is difficult to measure emotional intelligence which is to why there are still some unclear findings on the relationship between emotional intelligence and the leadership effectiveness. Keywords: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study In every organisation, there are so many different types of leaders. Their style of leading their subordinates are undeniably different. The concept of leadership is definitely one of the most discussed issues in the organisations because it is one of the most important factors to achieve the organisations' goals and objectives. Generally, the concept of leadership involves the ability and power to lead and influence others in order to achieve the objectives of the organisation ( Suciu et al . , 2010). In addition, not everyone has the leadership traits. Some people are naturally born with the leadership characteristics, but some of them need to learn to have the leadership abilities . According to Bawany (2010), leadership can be related to one's ability and self-confidence to motivate others and gain ing their respect. Thus, only those are selected ones that actually really have the ability to lead others to achieve their g oals. Many researchers and also the public have different perceptions and opinions in the concepts of leadership. In this current environment where there are so many changes and issues in the economy, as well as very fierce competitions between the organisations and industries, leaders play an important role in sustaining and maintaining the stability of the organisation in order to maximise their accomplishments as well as for survival in the industry. In order to enhance the performance of the organisation, leaders' effectiveness are one of the main factors to achieve that goal. The traits claiming that a leader should possess includes intelligence, power, drive, extroverted, as well as charismatic (Bawany, 2010). Based on

Why You Should Use JavaScript on Your Site

Why You Should Use JavaScript on Your Site Not everyone has JavaScript available in their web browser and a number of those who are using browsers where it is available have it turned off. It is therefore necessary that your web page be able to function properly for those people without using any JavaScript at all. Why then would you want to add JavaScript to a web page that already works without it? Reasons Why You May Want to Use JavaScript There are several reasons for why you may want to use JavaScript on your web page even though the page is usable without the JavaScript. Most of the reasons relate to providing a friendlier experience for those of your visitors who do have JavaScript enabled. Here are a few examples of proper use of JavaScript to improve your visitors experience. JavaScript Is Great for Forms Where you have forms on your web page that your visitor needs to fill out that form content will need to be validated before it can be processed. You will, of course, have server-side validation that validates the form after it is submitted and which reloads the form highlighting the errors if anything invalid has been entered or mandatory fields are missing. That requires a round trip to the server when the form is submitted to perform the validation and report the errors. We can speed up that process significantly by duplicating that validation using JavaScript and by attaching much of the JavaScript validation to the individual fields. That way the person filling out the form who has JavaScript enabled has immediate feedback if what they enter into a field is invalid instead of their filling out the whole form and submitting it and then having to wait for the next page to load to give them feedback. The form works both with and without JavaScript and provides more immediate feedba ck when it can. A Slideshow A slideshow consists of a number of images. In order for the slideshow to function without JavaScript the next and previous buttons that work the slideshow need to reload the entire web page substituting the new image. This will work but will be slow, particularly if the slideshow is only one small part of the page. We can use JavaScript to load and replace the images in the slideshow without needing to reload the rest of the web page and so make the slideshow operation much faster for those of our visitors with JavaScript enabled. A Suckerfish Menu A suckerfish menu can operate entirely without JavaScript (except in IE6). The menus will open when the mouse hovers over them and close when the mouse is removed. Such opening and closing will be instant with the menu just appearing and disappearing. By adding some JavaScript we can have the menu appear to scroll out when the mouse moves over it and scroll back in when the mouse moves off of it giving a nicer appearance to the menu without affecting the way the menu works. JavaScript Enhances Your Web page In all appropriate uses of JavaScript, the purpose of the JavaScript is to enhance the way the web page works and to provide those of your visitors who have JavaScript enabled with a friendlier site than is possible without the JavaScript. By using JavaScript in an appropriate way you encourage those who have a choice as to whether they will allow the JavaScript to run or not to actually have it turned on for your site. Remember that a number of those who do have a choice and who have chosen to turn JavaScript off have done so due to the way in which some sites completely misuse javaScript so as to make their visitors experience of their site worse rather than better. Dont you be one of those using JavaScript inappropriately and therefore encouraging people to turn off JavaScript.

Trust and Household Finance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trust and Household Finance - Term Paper Example Research has it that the enhancing of individual trust to the right amount can improve the well-being of household finance. 1.0 Introduction Recent statistics have brought it to light that more than a third of the American adults who are approaching their 50’s have no retirement plan. They have also shown that more than half of the households in the country do not own any stock. It is very important to know the determinants of decisions in household finance. This is essential in the management of debt. This paper shows that trust is a major factor that affects the management of household finance. Trust is the fundamental confidence that is found in an individual towards others in return for something that was promised. A casual impact on trust is inflicted by an individual’s cultural background and early life experiences on the value of the trust. A trusting individual is many times more likely to put up investment in the financial markets in the belief that they will o btain a fair return on investment, and this encourages the individual to invest. Trust should thus promote investments. Trust also promotes responsible borrowing since when an individual is trusting then he or she is also taken to be trustworthy. Trusting individuals are thus expected to make more real and financial investments, they are also expected to comply with the financial contracts that they enter and avoid on taking excess debts. Because of this, an individual will save more and have better management of debt and their net worth will increase. Negative financial outcomes can greatly affect an individual’s level of trust. Trust has dynamic dimensions that arise from cultural influences and experiences in life. The extent, to which an individual trusts another, embodies in the core values that are inherited from family, religion, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and are influenced by the individual’s life experiences and the characteristics of the community memb ers whom the individual interacts with in life. This are called the non-economic factors of trust. Prior literature has had it that these non-economic aspects of trust play major roles in financial decision making, in households. 2.0 Motivation and Hypotheses 2.1 Trust and Economic and Financial Decisions: Individual Level Evidence Research has shown that trust has appositive effect on the aggregate political and economic phenomena. It has shown that a higher level of trust in a region or nation is correlated with more economic investments and growth, less corruption and higher tax compliance among many other issues. Few studies have been carried out on the effect that trust has on the outcomes of the economy at the individual level (Jiang & Lim 1). Though these studies show that trust has a positive effect on the monetary and economic well-being of an individual, they fail to offer a comprehensive analysis of the effect that trust has on household finance. None of these studies ana lyzes the effect of trust on debt management (Jiang & Lim 8). 2.2 Hypothesis Development Trust is very likely to play a role in economic activities where transactions take place over a given period and an individual need to rely on the future and the observable actions of other people, such as their saving and investment decisions (Jiang & Lim 2012). Prior studies have shown that individuals who have the aspect of trust participate more in the

Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unemployment - Essay Example There are two types of policies that an economy can apply to fine tune the economy to achieve required economic growth and employment levels, this include fiscal policies that include government expenditure which affect the IS curve, the other type of policy include the monetary policies which affect the LM curve. These factors include the change in the transaction demand for money, change in speculative demand for money and changes in money supply. There are factors that affect money supply and they include changes in open market operations, change in prices and changes in the reserve ratio. The IS curve joins together combinations of interest rates and national income at which the commodity market is at equilibrium, this is to say that the equilibrium expenditure equals output. Shifts in the IS curve are attributed to changes in government expenditure and changes in net exports. From the above discussion the factors that cause a shift in the LM and IS curve can therefore be used by the government and monetary policy makers to improve the state of the economy, those factors that lead to a shift in the LM curve which include money supply, changes in prices and reserve ratios can be used to fine tune the economy to reduce unemployment, also those factors that lead to a shift in the IS curve will also help in reducing unemployment and these factors include government expenditure and exports. According to Keynes, aggregate demand is equal to consumption plus investment plus government, this can be stated as Y = C + I + G for a closed economy and Y = C + I + G + (X –M) for an open economy, an increase in government expenditure therefore will increase aggregate demand. ... es expenditure then the level of employment will increase but the outcome will be inflationary, the diagram below shows the increase in government expenditure which in turn increases aggregate demand and the level of employment in the economy increases. The diagram shows an increase in government expenditure which results into an increase in aggregate demand from aggregate demand 1 to aggregate demand 2, as a result the equilibrium level shifts from y1 to y2, this in turn shifts the equilibrium level of the IS LM model, the IS curve shifts from IS curve 1 to IS curve 2. The economy is at a higher output level and for this reason there is higher employment level, however from our diagram this position brings about an increase in the interest rate level than it was originally was at, the interest rate level increases from I1 to I2. Therefore employment can be increased by the government through an increase in the level of government expenditure. This will however result to higher levels of interest rates as a monetary policy measure to avoid inflation caused by the government expenditure. From the above diagram it is clear that an increase in government expenditure will result to an increase in aggregate demand will result into increased income, the income level signifies the employment level in the economy and in our case it is clear that this results to higher employment level from y1 to y2. The LM curve on the other hand depict a policy measure by which an economy can reduce the level of unemployment, an increase in money supply will result into a downward shift in the LM curve, as a result the economy will be at a higher output level and therefore higher employment levels, the diagram below shows a the effect of an increase in money supply on the LM curve and

MRIs and Other Issues in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MRIs and Other Issues in Medicine - Essay Example An X-Ray is also used to image internal structures of the body, but opposed to an MRI, an X-Ray is a type of high-energy radiation. X-Rays are made of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between ultraviolet and gamma rays, and are most often used in low doses for making images of internal body structures and in higher doses for treating cancer. A CT Scan (CAT Scan) is again, another form of viewing the internal structures of a person's body. CT Scans are in fact a computerized series of X-Rays, which can reveal tumors and small strokes in the brain. A computer is used to generate a three dimensional image, which are then analyzed and displayed for diagnostic purposes. An MRI is most often used for studying nerves, muscles, ligaments, bones, and other tissues in the body. Problems such as a disc herniation in the spine or masses or tumors within soft tissues are seen well on an MRI image. MRIs are most helpful and most commonly used by orthopedic surgeons; an MRI is particularly helpful at diagnosing many common orthopedic problems. Therefore the most probable explanation as to why and MRI would be ordered is if orthopedic problems are perceived to exist in a patient. What Would it be an Appropriate Situation for an MRI not to be Done There are several proper explanations for why an MRI would not be ordered for a patient. Firstly, an MRI is not the most accurate test. Although an MRI is useful in the diagnosis of many conditions, it is not 100% accurate in all cases, which means sometimes the problem will not show up in the MRI. Another primary reason as to why an MRI might not be ordered is because an MRI is usually "not the first step." (Cluett, 2006). In other words, there are other steps which should be taken in an attempt to figure out the problem, rather than immediately ordering an MRI. Lastly but certainly no less importantly, is the fact that an MRI is only a diagnostic test, and not a treatment. "An MRI gives some people peace of mind, but will do nothing to change the symptoms of your condition." (Cluett, 2006). Are There any Limitations on an MRI Although MRIs have major technological advantages when compared to other imaging modalities, there are also certain limitations which are present. Disadvantages are there, such as the fact that because of the small bore of the magnet, some patients experience claustrophobia and often have difficulty cooperating in the study. As well, some obese patients cannot be studied by an MRI. Patient throughput is also slower than comparative imaging

Heart Failure Case Study

Heart Failure Case Study Sharon Heather Ferguson-Guy When it comes to Heart Failure the best form for a brighter future is to optimise the intervention with treatment goals that are vital for the patients’ health, well-being and gain a better chance of longevity. The benefits of obtaining a compatible medication treatment goal for the patient, is so to reduce the stress and anxiety for the patient, which in turn can minimise hospital admissions. Anyone that has other cardiovascular risks such as diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol (with young adults; with excessive alcohol consumption, they may be susceptible to ‘holiday heart syndrome’ which it is also known as) (Sanders, et al. 2012, p.628) and elevated blood cholesterol levels. The following case study was given freely from a neighbour on his present health. I have changed his name to protect his confidentiality. Case study: Mr Lloyd is a 73 years old widower and has heart failure in the form of Atrial Fibrillation. He started to become breathless after riding his bike; that he did daily. He said that he also noticed excitable flutters in his chest, but did not take much notice as he thought it was because he had over exerted on an activity at his time of life and put it down to the aging process. He popped to his local General Practitioner with his experiences and was put on a low dose of Warfarin. After a couple of weeks he returned and told his General Practitioner that he was not feeling any better and did not feel right. His General Practitioner told him to continue his dosage for another week. Mr Lloyd enjoyed walking if he was not cycling, but, due to the weather he left the bike at home. While on his way he slipped on ice and banged his head on the pavement. He was taken to hospital for the rest of the day due to a possible concussion. At the point of leaving he complained he still had a headache. The doctor was not surprised as he had banged his head and prescribed pain relief and told him what to watch out for with head injuries (They were aware of his medication he was on at the time). After a week of pain relief he still did not feel right. His daughter took him to a different hospital. The doctor asked what medication he was on and told him that he was on still on the warfarin, they took him off it immediately, and replaced with a very low dose of aspirin. They immediately took him for a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan that revealed that he had a haemorrhage on the brain; it had been there since the fall. History: There is not a family history of heart failure. Has not smoked for 50 years. Does not have any previous illnesses. Has never drank alcohol. Has worked away from home outdoors all of his working life until retirement. Admitted that his diet improved since his retirement, as with his previous job required him to be away from home quite a lot of the time and so his lifestyle then contained of hotels and bar meals. Has never been a big eater and portions were always small. Signs and symptoms: Feeling breathless on light activities, more so when cycling Feeling weak and more tired Dizzy after excursion Pale but not all the time. No sickness Heart beating too fast, rhythm was irregular No coughing Not confusion No weight gain as always active BP normal No depressive feelings or cognitive problems Tests done: Auscultated lungs for changes – non were found Blood test was taken Blood Pressure – high on his visit, but often fluctuated between normal and high Neck veins checked – no distension found ECG that read Atrial Fibrillation Electrocardiogram was performed for 24 hours No chest x-ray was performed Pitting oedema was slight at the end of the day Medication before fall: Warfarin – was later changed to Aspirin Salbutamol inhaler Furosemide (unable to remember dose) Cod liver oil 2 spoonful’s twice a day – home remedies (On further reading on drugs.com I was curious regarding his cod liver oil intake and the medication of warfarin he was taking that may interact due to it containing vitamin K, this reduces the effectiveness of the warfarin and flagged an air of caution) (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and breathlessness. Medication after fall for 4 months: Aspirin Cod liver oil 2 capsules twice a day – home remedies Pravastatin 20mg – 1 daily (reduces the bad cholesterol) Salbutamol – when required Simvastatin 20mg – 1 daily (changed from pravastatin also reduces bad cholesterol) Spiro inhaler – when required (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd was told to weigh himself every morning as he got out of bed. This was so he could take part in his own progress on any weight gain or weight loss due to the change of medication and possible fluid retention. He noticed the frequency during the day and maybe once at night in going to urinate. With the changed medication Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and was breathlessness on light activities. After a review with a specialist his present medication treatment plan is: Apixaban 5mg – 1 x 2 daily (reduce the risk of stroke clots) Atorvastatin 10mg – 1 daily Cod liver oil 2 capsules daily home remedies (not spoonful’s anymore) Digoxin 125mcg – 1 daily (makes the heart beat stronger and a regular rhythm) Dutasteride 0.5mg – 1 daily (used with Tamsulosin, reduce risk of urinary blockage) Omerprazole 20mg – 1 daily (acid reflux) Spiro inhaler – when required Tamsulosin hydrochloride 400mcg m/r capsules 1 daily– muscle relaxant, ease flow of urine (drugs.com) This drug therapy is working well and clear from any adverse reactions and only visits the General Practitioner twice yearly. Blood pressure is stable at 110/75 bpm. His weight has not changed. Mr Lloyd still charts his input and output of fluids. With this, he is able to monitor and report to his now General Practitioner any noticeable differences, to which, there is not any. Current status: Even though Mr Lloyd had to endure some frustrating discomfort with tiredness and breathlessness from past medications, these just didn’t suit him, (It may have been a perfect combination for somebody else) and the time it had to take to get the correct treatment goals and drug therapy to his own body’s balance, Mr Lloyd is continuing his everyday activities without any problems of breathlessness or tiredness that have hugely decreased. He has decided with himself and with agreement from his General Practitioner that after about 17.00 he will start to slow down, and relaxes after food, and will potter in his garden instead of cycling. I have only ever known Mr Lloyd to cycle everywhere and all day. He tells me that he now enjoys seeing a television programme to the end instead of falling asleep half way through. His medication has slowed down his ventricular rate and that he will go for another review later on this year. Mr Lloyd said that he would not mind if the dose was lowered or none at all as he does not like to be reliant on medication. The specialist Doctor after reviewing Mr Lloyd advised him to attend a rehabilitation gym (sponsored by the British Heart Foundation) to monitor his exercise regime and to teach him how to keep fit in a healthy way for his age. They also educated him on a tasteful diet without the worry of blandness. He still goes to the gym, mainly because he has made many friends with similar conditions, and able to swap ideas. Mr Lloyd values the presence of the professional medical staff that are there for any health or heart concerns. Treating congestive heart failure with medication: To optimise the correct and suitable medication would be to find the patients correct balance. This will take a selection of medication over a period of time in order to reach the optimum goal of drug therapy. The reason for this is to make less strain on the heart by using the correct combination of drug and its correct dosage. We must try and increase the cardiac output so the blood can pump more blood every minute. This will in turn improve the pumping action of the heart and reduce the hearts workload. So medication or a medical intervention may be suggested, the severity or damage would be taken into consideration. If there is a valve problem, it may be fixed with a repair or a replacement. If a more invasive form of fixing is needed, surgical implants may be required. This may be a pacemaker. This is a ventricular assisted device that contains a pulse generator with one, two or three electrode leads that give off electrical impulses to and from the heart (British Heart Foundati on 2014, p.13)(Cleland 2006, pp.72-44). A more severe case may include a heart transplant which includes a recently deceased donor that is a match for the recipient. There are risks involved like any other surgery, but a heart transplant may be rejected due to rejection, infection or the new heart does not work properly. (Cleland 2006, pp.79-80) We need to take the effort off the workload on the heart by decreasing the fluid overload and reduce the blood pressure, so medication to reduce the heart rate and increase vasodilation (widen the blood vessels, by relaxing the smooth muscle cells). Diuretics would be one solution that would help with the fluid overload. This will increase the urine output and so in turn decreases the fluid overload. Different diuretics such as thiazide and loop diuretics that will cause a general loss of sodium and water from the body but also other electrolytes (minerals in the blood). This must be monitored for hypokalaemia (low potassium) because of sodium and water loss, potassium can be lost from the body in large quantities. (Cleland 2006, pp.54-63)(Class notes 2014/15) Another diuretic is a potassium sparing diuretic, it is an aldosterone antagonist (blocks the sodium retention effects of aldosterone in the kidney). This may cause a reverse problem, the potassium sparing diuretic can cause the body to retain too much potassium, so the patient must be monitored for hyperkalaemia (high potassium). An imbalance of hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia in the body will be a risk of the electrical problems in the heart. By using diuretics the patient will be monitored for hypotension (low blood pressure) this is due to the fluid retention and the reduction of blood pressure medication. You must also monitor serum creatinine (waste product in the blood that comes from muscle activity and kidney function indicator). If the levels of this get too high, it will be an indication that the kidneys are having problems. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.59-63) Other medications that will be help congested heart failure is to now focus on the blood vessels, the aim is to stimulate the function of the vasodilation that will rest the heart by slowing it down. The most used medication is called an ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) (Cleland 2006, pp.53-56) this will block the enzyme that forms angiotensin II also known as ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) (Cleland 2006, pp.56-57) this causes the vasoconstriction to raise the blood pressure. The ACE inhibitor will interrupt the cycle of angiotensin II, this will then decrease the blood pressure. The increase of vasodilation with the ACE inhibitors and vasodilation will lower the blood pressure and so helps to reduce the workload on the heart. There will be a drop in aldosterone (is a corticosteroid hormone that stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys) levels causing a decrease in fluid overload. A medication called ARBS (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) reduce the activity of the angiotensin II in the blood. You would prescribe this if the patient is not able to tolerate an ACE inhibitor. (Class notes)(Cleland 2006, pp.56) Beta blockers block the binding of norepinephrine (neurotransmitter) to the beta receptors on the heart, this will cause a decrease in the heart rate. Which in turn will decrease the blood pressure and the workload of the heart. With such an amount of medication, it is advisable to monitor the patient for hypotension. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.57-59) References: Bibliography British Heart Foundation (2014) Pacemakers. Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines (no date) Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg108/chapter/introduction (Accessed: 13 May 2015) Cleland, J. (2006) Understanding heart failure. London: Family Doctor Publications in association with the British Medical Association Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects (no date) Available at: http://www.drugs.com (Accessed: 14 May 2015) Sanders, M. J., Lewis, L. M., Quick, G. and McKenna, K. D. (2012) Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook [With DVD]. 4th edn. United States: Elsevier/Mosby Jems Citation (Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines, no date) (Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects, no date) (Sanders et al., 2012, p. 628) (British Heart Foundation, 2014, p. 13) (Cleland, 2006, p. 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 56 – 57) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 53 – 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 59 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 54 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 79 – 80) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 72 – 74) Case study given freely by my neighbour. Font used – Calibri light. Size 11. Size 9 for references My draft copy was kindly read and checked by: The Clinical Manager and three different Clinical Supervisors at Yorkshire Ambulance Service.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the DSM-IV Classification System for Di

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the DSM-IV Classification System for Diagnosing Psychopathology Introduction: DSM-IV as a system of diagnosis has been criticised on its very foundation that far from improving the clinical practice it claims to have prioritised. To assess its strengths and weaknesses, the essay critically examined the purpose of DSM-IV and how its practice and techniques have been practically found useful. As in the definition offered by Allen (1998) the concept stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. As a system, Allen (1998) added that, it ‘details the diagnostic criteria for nearly 300 mental disorders and nearly 100 other psychological conditions’. Stressing its strengths, many studies highlighted on its research focus that its authors have over-concentrated on its reliability which further led to its criticism. This criticism among other thing include the neglect some of the issues concerning clinicians, lack of precision in of its criteria, and bias that emanate from the technique that predetermine the patients di sorders. The essay, however, have survey literature based on the various issues raised as to its weakness and how these weakness to be overcome. Given the last points, comparative studies conducted on improvement measures to the clinical practices are examined. There are considerable issues to highlight in evaluating strengths and limitations of using DSM-IV as a method for diagnosing psychopathology. These are its emphasis on reliability and validity of it diagnostic criteria and classification methods and techniques. The strengths and limitations in the application of DSM-IV, as could be observed, depend on the technique and the purposes th... ...tent/full/156/11/1677 [accessed on 24th/11/2010] Ronald, C (2006), ‘Clinical calibrations of DSM-IV Diagnoses in the World Mental Health (WMH) Version of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI)’. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, Vol. 13/2. Samuel, D. B. and Widiger, T. A. (2006), ‘Clinicians’ Judgements of Clinical Utility: A Comparison of the DSM-IV and Five-Factor Models’. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 115/5. [Accessed on: 25/11/2010] Semiz UB, Basoglu C, Oner O, Munir KM, Ates A, Algul A, Ebrinc S, Cetin M. (2008), 'Effects of diagnostic comorbidity and dimensional symptoms of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in men with antisocial personality disorder'. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(5):405-13. Online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473259 [accessed on: 24/11/2010]

Humanistic Theories of Organizations Essay

The relationship between the â€Å"boss† and the employee is an important one indeed. It is a relationship that can make or brake an organization. While classical theorist such as Fredrick Taylor (Scientific Management Theory), Henri Fayol (Administrative Theory) and Max Weber (Theory of Bureaucracy) (Modaff, Butler, Dewine 2012 p26.) emphasized the literal structure of an organization; i.e. worker productivity, chain of command and preserving organizational authority, they were not too concerned with an organizations social structure. However, â€Å"Human Relations Theory† (Modaff, Butler, Dewine 2012 p43.) builds more on an organizations social structure suggesting that an organization can benefit greatly from a positive social relationship between its supervisors and its employees. It is clear that there is a positive connection between â€Å"authentic leadership and employee voice behavior† (Hsin-Hua Hsiung 2012). Authentic Leadership, Employee Voice Behavior & the Hawthorne Studies Hsin-Hua Hsiung (2012) quoting Walumbwa et al. 2008, p. 94 writes that â€Å"Authentic Leadership† refers to ‘‘a pattern of leader behavior that draws upon and promotes both positive psychological capacities and a positive ethical climate, to foster greater self-awareness, an internalized moral perspective, balanced processing of information, and relational transparency on the part of leaders working with followers, fostering positive self-development’’. In the referred to article Authentic Leadership and Employee Voice Behavior: A Multi-Level Psychological Process (Hsin-Hua Hsiung 2012) the author discusses an investigative study of the â€Å"psychological process of how authentic leadership affects employee voice†. He suggests that the â€Å"theoretical model† of the study proposes that positive mood of the employees and, what he terms, the â€Å"leader–member exchange† or LMX quality mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and voice behavior, while the procedural justice climate moderates the mediation effects of positive mood and LMX quality (Hsin-Hua Hsiung 2012). This study ultimately revealed â€Å"the cross-level effects of authentic leadership†, and provided practical suggestions to assist employees expressing themselves and their opinions in the organization (Hsin-Hua Hsiung 2012). Ironically, the Hawthorne Studies (Mayo, Roethlisberger & Dickson 1939) in human relations had a similar conclusion. Among other implications these studies (Illumination, Relay Assembly Test Room, the Interviewing Program and Wiring Room Studies) collectively proposed that supervisors â€Å"pay attention to your workers to increase their satisfaction and productivity † (Modaff, Butler, Dewine 2012 p). Conclusion, Strengths and Weaknesses In conclusion, the article in my opinion was a fair explanation of a study that concluded that there are positive implications for social interaction between supervisors and employees. The strength and weakness of the article is the authors supporting research material. While he quotes several researchers and documents to validate his findings and his theory is supported by what the author terms â€Å"multi-level data from 70 workgroups of a real estate agent company in Taiwan†, he failed to research or mention the Human Relation Theory or the Hawthorne Studies (Mayo, Roethlisberger & Dickson 1939) which in my opinion would have further strengthened theory. References: Hsiung, H. H. (2012). Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process. . Journal of business ethics, 107 (3), 349-361. doi: 10.1007/s10551-011-1043-2 Modaff, D. P., Butler, J. A., & Dewine, S. (2012). Organizational communication: foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings. (3rd ed.). Glenview Illinois: Pearson

Beka Lamb Essay

Beka Lamb is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lamb. She is an only child who lives with her parents in Belize. Beka is tall and slim built. She is fourteen years of age and is a very active and enterprising individual. Beka possesses very admirable qualities that are worthy of emulation. She demonstrates a sense of responsibility and maturity for an individual of such a tender age. One notices the growth and development of Beka’s character as the novel progresses. Initially, her relationship with her parents , especially her father is somewhat strained, but there is a notable improvement as the plot develops. Beka displays qualities of love, compassion and warmth for her mother , and there exists a bond of understanding between them. Of particular note, is Beka’s relationship with her friend ,Toycie. At the beginning of the novel, Beka is mourning her friend’s death, and eventually, one is informed as to why she is so profoundly affected by her friend’s death . Beka exhibits qualities of endurance and determination when she is confronted with challenging situations. Beka also displays a sense of naivete and innocence when she has to deal with apparently, insurmountable tasks. The author , Zee Edgill , presents her heroine Beka Lamb in demanding yet rewarding situations. Indeed, Beka is truly a character worthy of emulation and praise. Beka Lamb is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lamb. She is an only child who lives with her parents in Belize. Beka is tall and slim built. She is fourteen years of age and is a very active and enterprising individual. Beka possesses very admirable qualities that are worthy of emulation. She demonstrates a sense of responsibility and maturity for an individual of such a tender age. One notices the growth and development of Beka’s character as the novel progresses. Initially, her relationship with her parents , especially her father is somewhat strained, but there is a notable improvement as the plot develops. Beka displays qualities of love, compassion and warmth for her mother , and there exists a bond of understanding between them. Of particular note, is Beka’s relationship with her friend ,Toycie. At the beginning of the novel, Beka is mourning her friend’s death, and eventually, one is informed as to why she is so profoundly affected by her friend’s death . Beka exhibits qualities of endurance and determination when she is confronted with challenging situations. Beka also displays a sense of naivete and innocence when she has to deal with apparently, insurmountable tasks. The author , Zee Edgill , presents her heroine Beka Lamb in demanding yet rewarding situations. Indeed, Beka is truly a character worthy of emulation and praise.

Potato chips Essays

Potato chips Essays Potato chips Essay Potato chips Essay Global Variations in the Potato Crisps and Potato Chips Market Its fair to assume that consumer snacking habits are likely to differ from country to country, particularly across different regions and cultures. A clear example is the consumption of potato crisps / potato chips which can be seen in the bar chart below. 86% of consumers throughout the USA and France consume potato crisps / potato chips closely followed by 84% of GB consumers. On the other end of the scale is the Chinese market with only 28% consumption. Potato Crisps/Potato Chips* Consumption per Country 84% 72% 43% 28% USA France source: Global TG 2012 Egypt Brazil South Africa China Base: Total population But do Chinese consumers simply snack less? Data from Chinas TGI (CNRS) show that (66%), candy (64%) and chocolate (44%) in the last year. As the best known potato crisps and potato chip brands are Western-owned such Kettle, Pringles and Lays and Walkers, this may explain their lack of popularity in China and their huge appeal to Western markets. Attitudes towards diet and health can also vary between different markets with the hart below offering a direct comparison between consumer attitudes in America and China. Only 25% of American consumers agree that it is worth paying more for organic foods, whereas 60% of consumers in China agree with this statement. A further difference can be highlighted as 46% of Chinese consumers agree that they always think of the calories in what I eat compared with a much lower level of agreement throughout the USA of 27%. Any Agree with the following statements: 25% 27% 39% Its worth paying more for organic food l always think of the calories in what I eat l consider my diet to be very healthy diet to be Very healthy. So, peoples perception of what they consider to be a healthy diet is likely to vary across different markets. In this case Chinese consumers are much more consistent in their perceptions of healthy eating and what this constitutes. *USA; Potato Chips France and 6B; Potato Crisp, Tortilla Corn Snacks Egypt; Potato Chips/Crisps Brazil; Potato Crisps South Africa; Potato Sticks and other Crisps China; Crisps

buy custom Increase of Alcohol-Related Traffic essay

buy custom Increase of Alcohol-Related Traffic essay Research indicates that there has been a rapid increase of alcohol-related traffic together with other unintended injury deaths, both within and out of college especially among individuals aged 18-24 years old. This with no doubt has emphasized the need for colleges and neighboring communities to increase and strengthen measures to curb excessive drinking not only among college students but also among those within the age bracket who are not in college. Many individually oriented counseling programs, comprehensive community interventions, and environmental interventions have been established by schools and other organizations to help ease drinking and associated problems (Morean et al, 235). College organization looks to reform and improve schools drinking behaviors Currently efforts to control drinking among students are ongoing in colleges. College organization, especially student bodies are in the frontline with a view of seeing that colleges serve the purposes they were meant other than being a drinking spree. Students not only in the US but around the world have come together to anti-alcohol and anti-drug abuse organizations to create awareness concerning the issue. For instance as reported by Rodriguez (1), National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) and Students for Sensible Drug Policys (SSDP) chapter of The Florida State University incorporated their event on 31st March, 2010 in support o the Alcohol Awareness Month. Their main objective as witnessed in their numerous rallies is educating the public on safety of using alcohol and marijuana. Stricter guidelines are being put into place to restrict the consumption of alcohol Colleges and states have come up with alcohol policy with strict rules and bearing severe consequences upon violation by any students. Parents have also been supplied with copies and research indicate that most of students whose parents have read the brochures were less likely to begin drinking if they did not drink before joining college. As part of environmental intervention, all states have laws prohibiting selling of alcohol to individuals younger than 21 years as opposed to 1984 where only 17 states had embraced the law (Ham Hope, 760). Researches indicate that sturdy college alcohol policies decrease binge and underage drinking on campus devoid of resulting to a compensatory increase in the use of marijuana. A study carried out by Centre for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research (CeASAR) among administrators and students o 11 universities and colleges in Massachusetts has clear indication of how a more restrictive enforcement policy for alcohol consumption could reduce the habit. Educational programs Many not-for-profit and student organizations incardination with colleges and universities are offering educational programs dedicated to tackle the issues of drug and alcohol abuse. For instance Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Team (ADAPT) is composed of peer educators who offer educational outreach, promote awareness and act as accessible resources for students. It is found in universities such as the University of California and has helped to reduce the abuse of alcohol and other substances. According to CASE (2) other programs include Drug and Alcohol Prevention Education that has been initiated in most universities and colleges aimed at reducing the consuption of alcohol. The main aim of the program is to ensure drug alcohol-free schools. This is one component of health programs within schools and colleges. One way that has made the program successful is through community-college linkage that ensures parents and the community at large is actively involved in the efforts to reduce alcohol consumption. Support from Organizations A number of organizations have come up in support of a reduction of alcohol consumption within colleges and universities. Education awareness is a key area that all this organizations emphasize while trying to handle the situation (Gale Group, 1560). For example, Safer Alternative For Enjoyable Recreation is a national not-for-profit organization whose main goal is to educate the public of the safety of using alcohol versus alcohol. Many students have benefited from such programs through making an informed decision. What are the consequences of excessive drinking among college students? Excessive alcohol consumption has been known to have a very wide number of consequences. These consequences range from personal, medical and social. These effects or consequences largely depend on both the overall amount o alcohol consumption and largely on the kind of pattern being displayed (LaBrie et, 725). Medical problems Brain damage When alcohol is consumed in excess it causes toxicities in the brain therefore destroying various brain cells. Research indicates that continuous abuse of alcohol by college students has created an environment which is vulnerable to the brain of the student. it has been noted that when the brain of an adolescent who indulge in excessive drinking and that which does not, that which is indulge in excessive drinking had impaired memory especially in the reasoning skills. Blood pressure Excessive alcohol consumption has been predicted as the main cause of high blood pressure within an individual. Binge drinking causes a surge in the blood of an individual as compared to an individual who is consuming small quantities of alcohol over a long period. it has been noted that most young people especially those in colleges are suffering due to increased blood pressure. Strokes Medical practitioners have cautioned that binge drinking increases the risk of acute hemorrhagic up to the gauge of ten. The increased hemorrhagic leads to stoke which largely causes increase in blood pressure therefore creation of spasm within cerebral arteries. If college student are not careful there are likely to die because of constant strokes (CASE, 3). Heart disease It is known that binge drinking diminishes myocardial contraction, which has widely increases chances of heart failure among college student hence high cases of deaths. Studies have indicated that around 30% to 60% cases of atrial fibrillation with students are due to excessive indulgence in the consumption of alcohol most particular among college men. a quarter of sudden cardiac deaths that are been witnessed in various colleges are due to the fact that they have greatly engaged in binge drinking. Female college students be taken advantage of because of their decision to drink in access Female drinkers face a lot of prooblems when they are drunk. They are taken advantage of through violent victimization as indicated by a survey of female college students which established a considerable association between the level of alcohol the women take weekly and their encounters of sexual victimization. Additional studies indicate female college students using alcohol are more likely to be victimized on dating violence as compared to female nondrinking students (LaBrie et al, 721). Many rape cases have been reported among drunk females due to being taken advantage of. They also end up being forced into sexual intercourse without their knowledge. This is one reason of the rising cases of sexually transmitted diseases among the female college students. College students make the wrong decisions Being under the influence of alcohol is one of the major reasons why many college students make wrong decisions. Driving under the influence of alcohol has brought about another serious threat. About 32% of college drinkers have been established to drive under the influence of alcohol. This does not only put them at the risk of injury but also potentially death. A study done in 1999, established that other than 2 million colleges and university in the US driving under the influence of alcohol, more than 3 million individuals rode as passengers under a drinking driver (Gale Group, 1540). Conclusion Alcohol drinking among college students is not only a significant health but also a public concern. Many college students have found themselves being trapped into due this habit due to their inability to resist offer for free alcohol. There are a number of reasons why college students indulge in excessive drinking, first of all peer pressure plays a big role as most students will find it hard to resist practicing what their fellow peers do. Secondly parties held both at home and on campus, with alcohol as one of the drinks greatly encourage this habit. Due to the fact that college students often hold parties absence of their parents, they tend to consume what their parents take and they could not be allowed by their parents. Lastly expectancies is another factor leading to this excessive alcohol drinking in college. Colleges, communities and other organizations are however determined to curb through a number of strategies that go along way in ensuring that colleges are drug and alcohol free. Students also have their own organizations that fight excessive drinking in college. Such organizations include SSDP and NORML. On the other hand, strict guidelines within colleges aid in reducing its consumption. There are a number of educational programs that geared towards eradication of alcohol and drugs in colleges. A good example is ADAPT and Drug and Alcohol Prevention Education. The efforts ease this behavior can not be enough without the help of other numerous not-for-profit organizations that have strived to offer services such as counseling and awareness creation among college students. Finally, excessive drinking of alcohol has many negative consequences. They range from physical, psychological, and medical conditions that can come about as a result of alcoholism. The medical problems include: brain damage, high blood pressure, heart diseases, and strokes. Other than this, female drinkers suffer a lot as they are frequently taken advantage of while drunk. It is very apparent that while drank, students end up making wrong decisions like driving under the influence and having unsafe sex. Buy custom Increase of Alcohol-Related Traffic essay